The biotechnology sector in the region of Tartu is highly diverse. Considerable expertise can be found in genetics and heredity, neurosciences and biochemistry, which is also reflected in the main activity fields of companies. The majority of companies are active in red biotech focusing on support services for drug development, diagnostics, etc.

Due to the small size of the internal market products and services are mostly exported. The main export markets are Finland, Sweden, Germany and United States, but the importance of France and Great Britain is growing as well. International networking is enhanced through participation in the research and development projects supported by the European Commission.